VERMOUTH
The vermouth was never invented for the purpose of mixing it into a Manhattan or martini, although the addition of vermouth - sweet in a Manhattan and dry in a martini - is essential for each of these cocktails.
In fact, the vermouth was created as a medicinal tonic and is complex enough to be served as a cocktail by itself.
HOW IS VERMOUTH PRODUCED?
Vermouth is a fortified and flavored aperitif wine.
This means that the base is wine, the first element, which is fortified with a neutral spirit such as a grape brandy.
The addition of this alcohol stops the wine fermentation and creates a stronger, sweeter alcohol. This mixture is then infused or flavored with plants.
Each style of vermouth (and it varies greatly from country to country or region to region) has a different, and often secret, blend of herbs, barks, fruits and spices, botanicals such as bitter orange, cardamom, juniper, cinnamon, chamomile, cloves, vanilla and more.
But the most important part without which a vermouth is not a vermouth is the absinthe, which is also the origin of the vermouth name derived from the German word WERMUT.
WHICH WINE IS USED TO PRODUCE A VERMOUTH?
Traditional vermouths start with a white wine base and use colorants to get a deep red color, while some of the new vermouth makers have tried it with red wine.
VERMOUTH HISTORY (the various styles)
The first commercial vermouths were introduced in 1786, in northern Italy, more precisely in Turin, where António Benedetto Carpano produced and started selling on the local market his first aperitifs with medicinal properties.
This formula, initially known simply as "vermouth" and often believed to be the apéritif, was reddish in color, rich and pleasantly sweet.
It was later designated Rosso (red in Italian) or "Sweet" when a new dry vermouth style emerged, created at west of the Italian border in Marseille, France in 1813. This new formula, NOILLY PRAT, created by Joseph Noilly for the first dry vermouth continues today very present, in contrast to the Italian sweet vermouth: floral and dry straw color.
A little further north, in the late 19th century, in Chambéry, DOLIN wins a remarkable place by creating the third style of vermouth, the BLANC, also known as BIANCO or White Vermouth.
The Italians complain that their GANCIA BIANCO was the first of the white vermouths .... but what matters, for a bartender, is that Italian BIANCOs tend to be fatter than the French BLANCs.
Regardless of their background, Blanc's botanists stick with the Sweet ones: vanilla, orange peel and verbena lemon.
It is also the sweetest of the three classic styles, containing almost twice the sugar found in a Dry vermouth and a less peppery flavor than in a Sweet vermouth.
Today, almost all traditional vermouth producers make some kind of rosso and dry vermouth, and many also produce a white vermouth.
There are other products on the market but it is generally fair to say that French producers are best known for their lighter, drier vermouth, and Italian producers are best known for their Torino-inspired spice vermouth, but all comercial vermouth ingredients are still proprietary formulas, and it is their secret botanical and vegetable ingredients as well as their flavor profiles that set them apart.
Some may be better, some worse, although even those recognized among the “best” may not be the best under all circumstances.
It is particularly important not to fall into the trap of comparing vermouths following some Platonic ideal: no, it is more reasonable to expect each vermouth of each style to offer something different that reveals its DNA.
Like Gins or Whiskys, they don't all taste the same .....
We are all unique just like all vermouths, whatever their country or region of origin.
HOW TO DRINK A VERMOUTH
A vermouth can be served without restriction as it should be during an apéro.
But before mixing it with something try to enjoy it just as it comes out of the bottle: straight, with 1 or 2 ice cubes and a zest of citrus, orange for a "Sweet" vermouth, lemon for a "Dry" and grapefruit for a "Blanc" vermouth.
HOW TO STORE VERMOUTH
A bottle of vermouth should be refrigerated after opening it and will remain ok for a month or two.
Use vermouth that is on his end of live for cooking, but like cooking with wine, use it only if you are able to still drink it. So always taste it before and if it is passed throw it away.
Remember that even chilled flavors of vermouth will change, so drink it quickly.